Public international law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public international law - Essay ExampleThis paper sh tout ensemble question such circumstances. Relevant case law shall be uptaked in order to support this discussion. The first part of this paper shall discuss the circumstances by which a domain can be excluded from responsibility for its wrong routineions. Next, a specific discussion on each of the circumstances shall be carried out with keep case studies for each circumstance. Lastly, concluding remarks shall end this discussion, summarizing the cases and establishing a clear and comprehensive answer to the issue raised. This paper is being carried out in order to answer politicians and academicians in establishing a better understanding of state runions, state responsibility, and exceptions to such responsibility. Body The International Law Commission established circumstances by which unconventional acts can be excluded from state responsibility. These circumstances include consent, self-defence, counter-measures, force majeure, and state of necessity1. Article 26 of the UN Charter nevertheless, supports a rule which does not allow the use of the circumstances indicated above in instances where international effective norms are violated. The commission is however also firm in declaring that the above causes may only be used if the state contradicts international law, regardless of the responsibleness violated, which may involve international laws, treaties, and unilateral acts2. Defending these circumstances does not seek to eliminate the obligation of states to comply with the provisions of international law nevertheless, these circumstances provide an excuse and a justification for wrongful acts3. It is also important to consider the distinction which essential be established between the impact of the circumstances which do not include the wrongful act and the fulfilment of the obligations undertaken. The first circumstance which can relieve wrongful acts of states is consent. International law specialists declare that if a state consents to another state acting in a certain way which is actually against their legal obligations to the former, the consent would establish an agreement which supports the elimination of the effects of the obligations between the parties4. The crucial element in this circumstance is on the existence of an obligation, and such obligation is on an international scale5. In instances where one state would ask the existing obligation to be disregarded, it is clear that a valid consent has been issued6. Whether or not the act is valid is based on state institutions and internal legal provisions. The consent must also be given freely before the act is carried out, moreover, the act must be protected by the limitations indicated in the consent agreement. Tacit and express consent can cover such act, however, presumed consent is not include in the purview of the discussion7. Article 20 of the draft articles on state responsibility for internationall y wrongful act indicates that valid consent indicated by the invoking state regarding a certain act eliminates the wrongful quality of the act committed for as long as the act remains within the limitations imposed by the consent8. Aside from consent, self-defence is also another means of justifying a wrongful act by a state. Based on Article 2 of the UN Charter, dealing among states must be founded on the commitment not to use force or threat of force against any other state9. Nevertheless, Article 51 indicates that all states have the inherent right to self-defence during armed attacks