ETs And UFOs :: essays research papers

ET&8217s & UFO&8217sNearly 600 years before Christ was born, the biblical prophet Ezekiel saw something unusual, very unusual, that he tried to beg off &8220And I looked and behold a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire enfolding itself. Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of intravenous feeding living creatures. Since then, several similar Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO&8217s) are reported around the world. The Romans, the Greeks, moreover the great emperor Charlemagne saw it&8230 saw what? For Christians, there is no doubt just about it Ezekiel described angels coming down on Earth bringing messages from God. However, this is not the only possible explanation. Where scientists see a complex instinctive phenomenon, others will see a &8220wheel in the middle of a wheel simply as an extra-terrestrial vehicle observing our planet Earth.The movie &8216UFO&8217s, It Has Begun&8217 seems to be persuading enough to prove that extra-terrestrials do visit Earth. Burnt grass, cattle mutilations, capturing aliens, photographs, strange powder all this evidence is presented in the movie. Unfortunately, most of it is incomplete, and there is nothing that could let off the sightings, besides, incredible film techniques and mysterious music highlights the obvious bias of the movie. On the other hand, 96 per cent of all the sightings can be explained by directly&8217s science, that are identified as Venus, the Moon, reflections of light, electric charges, and weather balloons. The remaining 4 per cent maybe flying saucers which scientists deny the idea. Truly, if we think about the unthinkable time and energy needed for such an interstellar journey, it seems that visits of ET conduct forms to earth are quite unlikely.Stanley Miller showed in 1953 that organic molecules can be make if ammonia, water vapour and hydrogen were irradiated. Therefore, scientists do have a strong belief that ET&8217s exist. An American astronomer, Frank D rake, tried to detail the probability of life elsewhere in the galaxy, and according to him, 10 per cent of nearly 400 billion stars in our galaxy are similarly like our sun. Therefore about 40 billion are possibly life-giving stars, and of these, maybe only 4 billion are like our Earth. The remaining 90 per cent are either too hot or too cold. Of course life and intelligence are not the same, and that means that our Earth is surrounded by at least 400 galactic neighbours.Later on, humans decided to launch signals into space with modern technology, in hope to make contact with aliens.

A Close Reading of Euripides Medea :: Euripides Medea Essays

A Close Reading of Medea   Medeas first public statement, a sort of protest speech, is one of the best parts of the play and demonstrates a complex, at times even contradictory, representation of sexual practice.  Medeas calm and reasoning tone, especially after her following out bursts of despair and hatred, provides the first display of her ability to realize herself together in the middle of crisis and pursue her hidden agenda with a great determination. This split in her personality is to a certain degree gender bias. The lack of emotional restraint is typical of women, and the strong attention to moral action is a common trait of heroes. Medea actually uses both of these traits so that her erroneous emotions fuel her ideals, thus producing a character that fails to fit into a clear mold.   The speech itself highlights womens subordinate status in ancient Greek society, especially in the public eye. When Medea points out that women, especially foreign women, requi re some knowledge of magic and other covert arts to exert influence over their husbands in the bedroom, she argues for a kind of alternative power that women can enjoy. A power that remains invisible to men and unknown by society, yet sways each with veritable force. Medea also supplies a method for interpreting her own character towards the end of her speech (lines 251-257) we should read her history of exile as a metaphoric imitation of all womens alienation in fact, her whole predicament, past and yet to come, can be read as an allegory of womens suffering and the heights of tragedy it whitethorn unleash if left unattended. Under this model of interpretation, Medea portrays the rebellion of women against their wretchedness. Such a transparent social allegory may seem forced or clichéd in our own contemporary setting, but in Euripides time it would have been revolutionary, as tragedy generally spoke to the sufferings of a generic (perhaps idealized) individual, rather than a group. It would be a mistake, however, to claim that Medeas speech elaborates a clearly progressive political message, as her concluding remarks appeal to womens natural talent for devious use (line 414). While Euripides play manifests many revolutionary political sentiments, its social criticisms remain sporadic, forming just a part of some of the many trains of thought he follows.   by from providing a time frame that initiates a sense of urgency to the play (Medea only has a day to complete her plans), the exchange between Creon and Medea introduces the theme of her cleverness.

Romeo and Juliet - The Movie :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Romeo and Juliet - The Movie         The new release of Romeo and Juliet  is fun, fast and exciting to watch. It is a slick cinematic rendition of Shakespeares work brought to the screen for contemporary movie-goers.  There is something for everyone in this movie.  A timeless story, a dynamic cast, a hip soundtrack, dandy sets and costumes and plenty of action.  From the beginning the audience is told, buckle up, this Romeo and Juliet  ride is going to be like no other Shakespeare youve ever ridden.  This movie supports the notion that the stage is an actors specialty and the cinema is the directors.  Romeo and Juliet  is a feast for the eyes and does a great job of engaging the audience with the story at all times through diverse cinematic techniques and tricks which make understanding Shakespeare fun, interesting, fresh and easy.        Visually dynamic, and edited with a sense of urgency, m ost movie-goers will get caught up in the story and eat up that they are listening to the Bard.  It is Shakespeares words and text, however, the sights and sounds are as clearly, possibly overshadowing, telling the same parallel story.  unrivaled could say that there are visually turned on(p) subtitles throughout the movie directing the audience to understand and engage in the most famous love story in an entirely new way.  One can argue that this version of Romeo and Juliet  would be understood even without spoken words.  The camera-work tells the story as clearly as the text.  There are very a few(prenominal) moments in this movie when the camera stops moving.  Like Oliver Stones Natural Born Killers  the editing is fierce and in your face.  There is little time to think as the perpetual images flash across the screen.  And it works.  You become entranced and cannot wait to see what happens next even if you are already famil iar with the story.  It feels new.         Like many contemporary Shakespeare productions, the text has been slightly edited but this does nothing to dilute the story.  The dialogue, for the most part, is not delivered by master thespians, rather, we hear contemporary film actors delivering the Bards words as though this were present day English in New York or Los Angeles.

The Yellow Wallpaper -- Literary Analysis, Gilman

Within the troubling novel, The Yellow Wallpaper, the theme in which action takes keister is very significant. The woman, who seemingly suffered from post-partum depression, searches for some sort of peace in her male dominated world. The womans increasingly intense obsession with the wallpaper leaves the proofreader with many questions about male-female relationships and perhaps even insanity. Therefore, the manipulation of theme allows the spring to delicately introduce symbols in the text. The yellow wallpaper itself is the most obvious symbol that represents the protagonists mindset. It contains patterns, angles and curves that all contradict one an otherwise, and it can reflect the wifes emotions during that time. In addition, the nursery symbolically shows the way women of that time were seen as being on the same level as children, as well as the barred windows of confinement of women with respect to the perception of what a womans role was. These symbols represent Gilmans view on the status of women in the patriarchal society of the nineteenth-century. The story takes shape of a journal about the main character. Consequently, the readers view is limited to the impressions of the single character, Jane. Considering the background information on Gilman, one can effortlessly draw the conclusion that the story is real an indication of a personal experience. Gilman had suffered a tremendous mental depression as the result of psychiatric treatments, prior to writing the story The Yellow Wallpaper. The author identifies herself with the main character. As a result of her poor health, Jane listened to the doctors advice and redirected the power she previously spent on doubts to air and exercise, and journeys (Gilman 1392)). She ... ...easier about you (Gilman 1398). In addition, the other characters play a slight role in the story and can be considered part of the theme. In this case, they represent the connection with the real, obvious world. The healing put to work tends to be an appearance because the body heals as the doctor predicted but, her mind was resonating with the environment in a different way, provoking changes in her perception. Each curious event associated with the mysterious appearances of the woman from the wallpaper seemed to have a connection with the two-dimensional world she came from. For instance, the woman was Creeping as fast as a cloud shadow in a high wind (Gilman 1401). Elements of two-dimensional worlds are certainly an exceptionally appealing effect. They symbolize the strained obedient perspective of those characters, given that their movements were rapidly silent.

Essay on Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales -- Canterbury Tales Ess

Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales When Geoffrey Chaucer undertook the writing of The Canterbury Tales, he had a long road ahead of him. He intended to tell two stories from each of thirty pilgrims on the way to Canterbury, and then two more from each pilgrim on the way back from Canterbury. Of these, he completed only twenty-four. However, in these tales, Chaucer depicts both the pilgrims and their stories with striking realism. In The Nuns Priests Tale, The Canons Yeomans Tale, The Friars Tale, The reeves Tale, and The Clerics Tale, Chaucer demonstrates his remarkable insight into human nature. By comparing and contrasting these tales, one can gossip the universality of human nature as shown by Chaucer. One human trait apparent in these selections is greed. Avarice drives the hearts of many men, whether they may be a common miller or a summoner or a supposedly religious canon, and Chaucer was aware of this. In the tales which contain these three characters, Chaucer depicts t he greed of these characters. The Reeve tells his fellow pilgrims in his tale of a miller who was a thief ... of corn and meal, and sly at that his habit was to steal (Chaucer 125). The summoner in The Friars Tale displace large profits to himself thereby, and as the devil observes of him in this tale, Youre out for wealth, acquired no matter how (Chaucer 312, 315). The canon in Part 1 of The Canons Yeomans Tale, as well as the Yeoman himself, had been driven by the goal of converting base metals into gold, and though we never realized the wished conclusion we still went on raving in our illusion (Chaucer 478). The befriend canon of which the Yeoman speaks is many times worse than his own canon and master, using h... .... Works Cited Balliet, Gay L. The Wife in Chaucers Reevess Tale Siren of saccharine Vengeance. English Language Notes 28.1 (1990) 1-5. Baylor, Jeffrey. The Failure of the Intellect in Chaucers Reeves Tale. English Language Notes 28.1 (1990) 17-19. Chaucer, Geo ffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. Nevill Coghill. Baltimore Penguin Books, 1960. Dictionary of Literary Biography Old and Middle English. Ed. Jeffrey Helteman and Jerome Mitchell. Detroit Sale Research, Inc., 1994. Edden, Valerie. Sacred and laic in the Clerks Tale. The Chaucer Review 26.4 (1992) 369-376. Fehrenbacher, Richard W. A Yeerd Enclosed Al About Literature and History in the Nuns Priests Tale. The Chaucer Review 29.2 (1994) 134-148. Whittock, Trevor. A Reading of The Canterbury Tales. Cambridge University of Cambridge Press, 1970.

Essay on Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales -- Canterbury Tales Ess

Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales When Geoffrey Chaucer undertook the writing of The Canterbury Tales, he had a tenacious road ahead of him. He intended to tell two stories from each of thirty pilgrims on the way to Canterbury, and then two more from each pilgrim on the way back from Canterbury. Of these, he completed only twenty-four. However, in these tales, Chaucer depicts both the pilgrims and their stories with striking realism. In The Nuns Priests Tale, The Canons Yeomans Tale, The Friars Tale, The Reeves Tale, and The Clerics Tale, Chaucer demonstrates his remarkable insight into human nature. By comparing and severalize these tales, one can see the universality of human nature as shown by Chaucer. One human trait apparent in these selections is greed. Avarice drives the wagon of many men, whether they may be a common miller or a summoner or a supposedly religious canon, and Chaucer was aware of this. In the tales which engage these three characters, Chaucer depicts the greed of these characters. The Reeve tells his fellow pilgrims in his tale of a miller who was a thief ... of corn and meal, and sly at that his habit was to sneak (Chaucer 125). The summoner in The Friars Tale drew large profits to himself thereby, and as the devil observes of him in this tale, Youre out for wealth, acquired no matter how (Chaucer 312, 315). The canon in Part 1 of The Canons Yeomans Tale, as well as the Yeoman himself, had been driven by the goal of converting base metals into gold, and though we never realized the wished conclusion we still went on rave in our illusion (Chaucer 478). The second canon of which the Yeoman speaks is many times worse than his own canon and master, using h... .... Works Cited Balliet, Gay L. The Wife in Chaucers Reevess Tale Siren of Sweet Vengeance. English Language Notes 28.1 (1990) 1-5. Baylor, Jeffrey. The Failure of the Intellect in Chaucers Reeves Tale. English Language Notes 28.1 (1990) 17-19. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The C anterbury Tales. Trans. Nevill Coghill. Baltimore Penguin Books, 1960. Dictionary of Literary Biography Old and eye English. Ed. Jeffrey Helteman and Jerome Mitchell. Detroit Sale Research, Inc., 1994. Edden, Valerie. Sacred and Secular in the Clerks Tale. The Chaucer Review 26.4 (1992) 369-376. Fehrenbacher, Richard W. A Yeerd Enclosed Al About Literature and History in the Nuns Priests Tale. The Chaucer Review 29.2 (1994) 134-148. Whittock, Trevor. A Reading of The Canterbury Tales. Cambridge University of Cambridge Press, 1970.

Racism in Morocco Essay

AP History Take home test Yasser Benamirouche1-compare and contrast president Polks willingness to go to fight against Mexico over Texas but not against Britain over Oregon. I believe that there is political and economical reasons behind that.. Britain is a much stronger enemy and I do not think it was a good idea to go to war with them because it might end badly for the U.S while Mexico that just got its freedom it was an easy patsy I believe and it kinda was the case because the United States one the war and got Texas and more. A second reason will be that Polk being from the Jacksonian political party which stood for break ones backry wanted to get Texas and make it a slave state which will give more power to the slave states while if they got Oregon it would expect been a free state which is not what Jacksonian democrat would want.Those were the political reasons now with the economical reasons, getting Texas would open a gateway to California and therefor the trade with Sou thern America which will be very profitable for the United States of America. 2-what are the reason that American settlers were so eager to go westerly in this meter period? Discuss the hardships they would have faced on their journey West. American settlers moving West was motivated by different ideas bid that the settlers were responsible of spreading Christianity and that the United States was meant to spread in the continent making a making a new heaven on earth and it was enter and it became the practical document Manifest Destiny which was used by democrats to relieve their expansions the War with Mexico etc..3-Asses the validity of the following statementalthough Americans percieved manifest destiny as a benevolent movement, it was in fact an aggressive imperialism pursued at the expense of others I believe what was said is very true, the Manifest Disteny was a way to explain the unexplainable which is going to war and taking over lands by killing its native habitants like in the War of Mexico and the Trails of tears, while at the same time discourage any attempt by the eastern world to take any similar actions 4-asses the validity of the following statement the Mexican war was a major reason of the American civil war.Caused by the addition of vast new territories and the fight between the southerners and northerners to see which states will be slave states and which states will not, the northerners wanted California so badly so they had to give something in exchange and the thing they gave was the right for southerners to hunt down any zip slaves and bring back which irritated the northerners and overheated the whole debate by the end of 1850s+.

Reading Written Works And Watching TV Essay

Books are known as the first medium bearing the function of conveying knowledge to people they were invented about 5000 years ago. If books finish be considered as the traditional medium, television is the modern integrity. In fact, it was first introduced in public in the juvenile 1920s and soon became a signifi put upt part of the daily life. Both of these media provide people with information, news as well as knowledge, but for each one kind has some distinct features. The similarities as well as the differences amidst class period books and watch TV vary, but they after part be divided into triad main aspects the activity factor, entertainment and social interaction. The first critical aspect differentiating edition written works and watch television is the activity factor. The activeness of kind activity between reading and watching TV is significantly different. While reading book, one can readily imagine the scene of the book in his or her mind and decode what the author means, which can care one improve his or her imagination.see moretv is better than booksIn contrast, watching TV makes one receive images passively, which means his or her imagination is controlled by others. Ordway (2010) states that compared to reading books, watching TV is noticeably less strenuous. In addition, when reading, one can control his or her sequence and activated more effectively than watching TV. For instance, one can either increase or reduce his or her reading speech, re-read pages or chapters he or she likes, all of which one cannot do while watching TV. However, both reading printed works and watching TV are refer in little physical activities. Secondly, the similarities and differences between reading and watching TV can be demonstrated through the entertainment. In general, the target that both reading and watching TV aim at is to entertain people. People often either read books or watch TV when they thrust free duration or want to relax after a h ard working day. However, the levels of entertainment are not the same.Reading books requires one more power and time to transfer words into images thus, one is more likely to keep in his or her mind the content of the books. As a result, it can be say that reading a deeper level of entertainment. However, every stick has two ends certain kinds of entertainment may not be available in books such as live sports, news, etc. Meanwhile, one can watch a live football march or a performance on TV.Through watching TV, one can relax and enjoy many kinds of entertainment with fewer attempts (Rubenoff, 2012). In short, watching TV has greater variety of entertainment. The last aspect displaying the similarities and differences between reading and watching TV is social interaction. Both of them can be used as conversation starters.The information shown on TV or books can be a favorite subject for everyone to discuss with each other. Moreover, reading book and watching TV are activities that c an ease the sense of isolation. When be home alone, one can lie in bed and watch TV or read books. The sound and images on the screen or books can distract ones attention from the loneliness and the negative thought process. However, one is more likely to get addicted to watching TV he or she may spend much time watching TV, become a couch potato and not feel like communicating with others.On the other hand, reading books is different. One can also enjoy a book himself or herself so much that he or she gets lost in it. In other words, his brain simulates real experiences, just as if he were living them himself (Hilary, 2012). However, unlike those who watch TV, readers are less likely to get addicted when their eye get tired, they can put the books down and go out for a walk or talk with friends. As a result, readers may interact with guild better than viewers.To sum up, reading written works and watching TV have both similarities and differences in the activity factor, entertain ment and social interaction. Through reading, one can extend the boundary of his or her imagination and relax without being afraid of getting addicted to it. In comparison, watching TV requires less thinking and is easier to become addicted to, but it can supply one with various kinds of entertainment. Taking everything into account, we can say that both reading and watching TV have pros and cons the point is that we need to know how to balance between them and benefit from them the most.ReferencesHilary, F. (2012, August 25). Getting lost in a good book can help you keep healthy. Retrieved August 19, 2014, from http//www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2193496/Getting-lost-good-book-help-healthy.htmlOrdway, H. (2010, Jan 17). Reading Versus Television Which is better? Retrieved August 18, 2014 from http//www.hieropraxis.com/2010/01/reading-versus-television-which-is-better/Rubenoff, T. (2012, October 23). Television vs. Book? Retrieved August 16, 2014 from http//tomrubenoff.hubpages .com/hub/Television-or-Book

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 13

Dont fight, he panted into her side of meat. Itll be easier if you just relax.Hannah was frightened-and furious. In your dreams she gasped and slammed a knee into his groin.She hadnt survived Maya and come thousands of miles to be killed by some weasel of a vampire.She could feel him trying to do something to her mind-it reminded her of the way Maya had capturedHa-nahkts eyeb every last(predicate). Some kind of hypnosis, she supposed. just now shed had enough of hypnosis in the lastweek. She fought it.And she fought with her body, unskillfully maybe, but with utter conviction. She head-butted him on thenose when he tried to get close to her neck. Ow The Artful Dodger jerked back. Then he got a better grip on her arm. He pulled the wrist towardhim and Hannah suddenly realised what he wasdoing. There were nice accessible veins there. He was going to draw inventory from her wrist.No, you dont, she gasped. She had no idea what would happen if she lost any more than blood to avamp ire. Thierry had utter she wasnt in risk as long as she kept away from them for the next week, soshe presumed that if she didnt stand away, she was in danger. And she was already noticing teensy changesin herself her ability to see better in the bleached, for instance.She tried to wrench her arm out of the sons grip- and whence she heard a gasp. Suddenly she realized thathe wasnt holding her as tightly, and he wasnt trying to pull her wrist to him. Instead he was just trailing ather hand.At her ring.The expression on his face might turn in been funny if Hannah hadnt been shaking with adrenaline. Helooked shocked, dismayed, scared, disbelieving, and embarrassed all at once.Who-who-who are you? he spluttered.Hannah looked at the ring, and then at him. Of course. How could she have been so stupid? She shouldhave mentioned Thierry right away. If he was a Lord of the nighttime World, maybe everybody knew him.Maybe she could skip the witches altogether.I told you I was looking fo r somebody. His forebode is Thierry Descouedres. He gave me this ring.The Artful Dodger gave a kind of moan. Then he looked up at her from under his spiky bangs. I didnthurt you, did I? he tell. It wasnt a question, it was a demand for agreement. I didnt do anything toyou.You didnt get the chance, Hannah say. entirely she was afraid the boy might just take off running, so sheadded, I dont take to get you in trouble. I just want to amaze Thierry. Can you help me?I help you. Yeah, yeah. I bum be a plumping help.- He hesitated, then said, Its kind of a long walk.A walk? Thierry was here? Hannahs heart leaped so high that her whole body felt light.Im not tired, she said, and it was true. I can walk anywhere.The house was enormous.Magnificent. Palatial, even. Awe-inspiring.The Artful Dodger abandoned Hannah at the beginning of the long palm-tree-lined drive, blurting, Thatsit, and then scampering off into the darkness. Hannah looked after him for a moment, then grimly startedup the drive, sincerely hoping that it was it. She was so tired that she was weaving and her feet felt as iftheyd been pounded with stones.As she walked up to the front door, though, her doubts disappeared. There were black roseseverywhere. There was an arch-shaped stained-glass window above the double doors, viewing a black rose that hadthe same intricately knotted stem as the one on Hannahs ring. The same inclination had been worked into thecrowns all over the windows. It was used like a family crest or seal.Just seeing all those roses made Hannahs heart beat faster.Okay, then. Ring the doorbell, she told herself. And turn back opinion like some Cinderella whos come to seewhats keeping the prince.She pushed the doorbell button, then held her snorkel breather as chimes echoed distantly.Please. Please answer.She heard footsteps approaching and her heart sincerely started to pound.I cant believe its all been this easy.But when the door unfastened, it wasnt Thierry. It was a col lege-age poke fun with a suit, brown blur pulledback into a short ponytail, and dark glasses. He looked vaguely like a young CIA agent, Hannah thoughtwildly.He and Hannah stared at each some other.Uh, Im here to Im looking for Thierry Des-couedres, Hannah said finally, trying to sound confident.The CIA guy didnt change expression. When he spoke, it wasnt unkindly, but Hannahs heartplummeted.Hes not here. Try again in a few days. And its better to call one of his secretaries before showing up.He started to shut the door.A wave of desperation broke over Hannah. Wait she said, and she actually stuck her foot in thedoorway. She was amazed at herself.The CIA guy looked mickle at her foot, then up at her face. Yes?Oh, God, he thinks Im a nuisance visitor. Hannah suddenly had a vision of swarms of petitioners linedup at Thierrys house, all deficient him to do something for them. Like supplicants waiting for an audiencewith the king.And I must look like riffraff, she thought. She was wearing Levis and a shirt that was sweaty andwrinkled after tramping around the despoil all day. Her boots were dusty. Her hair was limp anddisheveled, straggling over her face.Yes? the CIA guy said again, politely urgent. .I nothing. Hannah felt tears spring to her eyes and was furious with herself. She hid them by bendingdown to pick up her duffel bag, which by now felt as if it were loaded with rocks. She had never been so tired. Her mouth was dry and cottony and her muscles were starting to cramp.She had no idea where to find a safe place to sleep.But it wasnt the CIA guys problem.Thank you, Hannah said. She in additionk a deep breath and started to turn away.It was the deep breath that did it. Someone was crossing the grand entrance hall behind the CIA guyand the breath delayed Hannah long enough that they saying each other.Nilsson, wait the individual yelled and came bounding over to the door.It was a young lady, thin and tanned, with odd silvery-brown hair and dark ambe r eyes. She had severalyellowing bruises on her face.But it was her expression that startled Hannah. Her amber eyes were wide and sparkling in what lookedlike recognition, her mouth was open in astonishment and excitement. She was waving her arms.Thats her she yelled at the CIA guy, pointing to Hannah. Its her Its her. When he stared at her,she hit him in the shoulder. HerThey both turned to stare at Hannah. The CIA guy had an expression now. He looked stunned.Hannah stared back at them, bewildered.Then, seeming dazed, the CIA guy very slowlyopened the door. My name is Nilsson, miss, he said. Please come inside.Stupid me, Hannah thought. Almost as an afterthought, she pushed straggling hair off her left cheek,away from her birthmark. I should have told them who I was. But how could I know they wouldunderstand?Nilsson was talking again as he gently took her bag. Im very sorry, miss-I didnt realize I hope youwont hold this-Nobody knew you were coming, the girl broke in with refreshin g bluntness. And the worst thing is thatThierrys gone off somewhere. I dont think anybody knows where or when hell be back. But meanwhileyoud better stay put. I dont want to think around what hed do to us if we lost you. She smiled atHannah and added, Im Lupe Acevedo.Hannah Snow.I know. The girl winked. We met before, but I couldnt exactly introduce myself. Dont you call up?Hannah started to shake her head-and then she blinked. Blinked again. That silvery-brown coloringthose amber eyesYeah, Lupe said, looking hugely delighted. That was me. Thats how I got these bruises. The otherwolf got it worse, though. I ripped him a new- Would you like something to drink? Nilsson break up hastily. Or to eat? Why dont you come inand sit down?Hannahs mind was reeling. That girl is a werewolf, she thought. A werewolf. The last time I saw her shehad big ears and a bushy tail. Werewolves are real.And this one protected me.She said dizzily, I thank you. I mean, you saved my life, didnt you?Lupe shr ugged. Part of the job. Want a bump?Hannah blinked, then laughed. Id kill for one.Ill take care of it, Nilsson said. Ill take care of everything. Lupe, why dont you show her upstairs?He hurried off and opened a cellular phone. A moment later several other guys dressed like him camerunning. The strange thing was that they were all very young-all in their late teens. Hannah caughtsnatches of frantic-sounding conversation.Well, try that number-What well-nigh(predicate) leaving a message with-Come on, Lupe said, interrupting Hannahs eavesdropping. With that same cheerful bluntness sheadded, You look like you could use a bath.She led Hannah past a big white sculpture toward a wide curving staircase. Hannah glimpsed otherrooms opening off the hallway. A living room that looked as big as a football field, decorated with whitecouches, geometric furniture, and abstract paintings. A dining room with a mile-long table. An alcove witha grand piano.Hannah felt more like Cinderella than ever. Nobody in Medicine Rock had a grand piano.I didnt know he was so rich. I dont know if I can deal with this.But when she was installed in a sort of Moorish fantasy bathroom, surrounded by jungly light-green plantsand exotic tiles and brass globe lights with cut-out star shapes, she decided that she could probablyadjust to living this way. If forced.It was heaven just to relax in the Jacuzzi tub, drinking a Coke and breathing in the delicious smellof bath salts. And it was even better to sit up in bed afterward, eating finger sandwiches sent up by Chef and telling Lupe how she came to be in Las Vegas.When she was done, Lupe said, Nilsson and everybody are trying to find Thierry. It may take a littlewhile, though. See, he just stopped off for a few minutes on Saturday, and then he disappeared again.But meanwhile, this house is pretty well protected. And all of us will fight for you-I mean, fight to thedeath, if we have to. So its safer than most other places.Hannah felt a roiling in her stomach. She didnt understand. Lupe made it sound as if they were in some castle getting ready for a siege. Safe from ?Lupe looked surprised. From her-Maya, she said, as if it should be obvious.Hannah had a sinking feeling. I should have known, she thought. But all she said was, So you think Imstill in danger from her.Lupes eyebrows shot up. She said mildly, Well, sure. Shes going to try to kill you. And shes awfullygood at killing.Especially me, Hannah thought. But she was too tired to be much afraid. Trusting to Lupe and Nilssonand the rest of Thierrys household, she devolve asleep that night as shortly as her head touched the pillow.She woke up to see sunshine. It was reflecting off the bedroom walls, which were painted a softly burnished gold. Weird but beautiful, Hannah thought, looking dreamily around at ebony furniture anddecorative tribal masks. Then she remembered where she was and jumped out of bed.She found clean clothes-her size-lying on an elaborately carved chest . She had just finished pulling themon when Lupe knocked on the door.Lupe, have they-Lupe shook her silvery-brown head. They havent found him yet.Hannah sighed, then smiled, trying not to look too disappointed.Lupe made a sympathetic face. I know. While you wait, though, you might like to meet some people.She grinned. Theyre sort of special people, and its a secret that theyre even here. But I talked to themlast night, and they all decided that it would be okay. They all want to meet you.Hannah was curious. Special people? ar they humans or uh ?Lupe grinned even more widely. Theyre both. Thats why theyre special. As she talked, she wasleading Hannah downstairs and through miles of hallway. They did something for me, she said, notsmiling now, but serious. They saved my life and my moms life. See, Im not a purebred werewolf. Mydad was human.Hannah looked at her, startled.Yeah. And thats against the laws of the Night World. You cant fall in love with a human, much lessmarry them. The other werewolves came one night and killed my dad. They would have killed my momand me, too, but Thierry got us out of the city and hid us. Thats why Id do anything for him. I wouldntbe alive if it wasnt for him and stage set Daybreak.She had paused by the door of a room located toward the back of the house. this instant, she opened thedoor, gave Hannah a funny little nod and a wink, and said, You go meet them. I think youll like eachother. Youre their type.Hannah wasnt sure what this meant. She felt shy as she stepped over the threshold and looked aroundthe room. It was a den, smaller than the front living room, and more cozy, with furniture in warm ochers and burntsiennas. A breakfast calamity was set out on a long sideboard made of golden pine. It smelled good, butHannah didnt have time to look at it. As soon as she came in the room, every head turned and she founda dozen people staring at her.Young people. All around her age. Normal-type teenagers, withdraw that a surprising number of themwere extremely good-looking.Behind her, the door closed firmly. Hannah felt more and more as if shed just walked out on present andforgotten her lines.Then one of the girls sitting on an ottoman jumped up and ran to her. Youre Hana, arent you? she saidwarmly. Hannah. Yes.I cant believe Im really meeting you This is so exciting. Thierrys told us all about you. She put agentle hand on Hannahs arm. Hannah, this is Circle Daybreak. And my name is Thea Harman.She was almost as tall as Hannah was, and the yellow hair spilling over her shoulders was a few shadesdarker than Hannahs. Her eyes were brownand soft and somehow wise.Hi, Thea. Somehow Hannah felt instinctively at ease with this girl. Lupe was telling me about CircleDaybreak, but I didnt exactly understand.It started as a sort of witch organization, Thea said. A witch circle. But its not just for witches. Its forhumans and vampires and werewolves and shapeshifters and, well, anybody who wants to help NightPeople and humans get along. Come and meet the others and well try to explain.A few minutes later, Hannah was sitting on a couch with a photographic plate of eggs Benedict, being introduced.This is James and Poppy, Thea said. James is a Redfern on his mothers side-which makes him adescendant of Mayas. She glanced at James with gentle mischief.I didnt pick my parents. Believe me, I didnt, James said to Hannah. He had light brown hair andthoughtful gray eyes. When he smiled it was impossible not to smile back.Nobody would have picked your parents, Jamie, Poppy said, shove him. She was very small, butthere was a kind of impish wisdom in her face. Her head was a tangle of copper curls and her eyes wereas green as emeralds. Hannah found her elfin beauty just a little scary just a little inhuman.Theyre both vampires, Thea said, answering Hannahs unspoken question.I didnt used to be, Poppy said. James changed me because I was dying.Whats a soulmate for? James said, and Poppy poked him again and th en grinned at him. They wereobviously in love.Youre-soulmates? Hannah spoke softly, wistfully.It was Thea who answered. Thats the thing, you see-something is causing Night People to find human soulmates. We witches think that its some Power thats waking up again, making it happen. Some Powerthats been asleep for a long time- maybe since the time when Thierry was born.Now Hannah understood why Lupe had said she was Circle Daybreaks type of people. She was partof this.But-thats wonderful, she said, speaking slowly and trying to gather her thoughts. I mean Shecouldnt exactly explain why it was so wonderful, but she had a sense of some immense turning pointbeing reached in the world, of some cycle that was about to end.Thea was smiling at her. I know what you mean. We think so, too. She turned and held out a hand to avery tall boy with a sweet face, sandy hair, and hazelnut eyes. And this is my soulmate, Eric. Hes human.Just barely, a boy from the other side of the room said. Eric igno red him and smiled at Hannah.And this is Gillian and David, Thea said, moving around the circle. Gillians a distant first cousin of mine, awitch, and Davids human. Soulmates, again.Gillian was tiny, with white-blond hair that fit her head like a silky cap and deep violet eyes. David haddark hair, brown eyes, and a lean tanned face. They both smiled at Hannah.Thea was moving on. And next comes Rashel and Quinn. Rashel is human-she used to be a vampirehunter.I still am. But now I just hunt bad vampires, Rashel said coolly. Hannah had an instinctive feelingof respect for her. She was tall and seemed to have perfect control of her body. Her hair was black andher eyes were a fierce and blazing green.And Quinns a vampire, Thea said.Quinn was the boy whod made the barely-human remark. He was very good-looking, with cleanfeatures that were strongly chiseled but almost delicate. His hair was as black as Rashels, and his eyeswere black, too. He flashed Hannah a smile that, while beautiful, w as slightly unnerving.Quinns the only one here who can compete with you as far as the past goes, Thea added. He wasmade into a vampire back in the sixteen hundreds, by Hunter Redfern.Quinn flashed another smile. Did you have a life in colonial America? Maybe weve met.Hannah smiled in return, but she was also studying him with interest. He didnt look older than eighteen.Is that why everybody here looks so young? she asked. All the staff, I mean-Nilsson and the otherguys in suits. Are they all vampires?Thea nodded. All made vampires. Lamia, like James, can grow up if they want. But once you make ahuman into a vampire they stop aging-and you cant make somebody over nineteen into a vampire. Theirbodies cant make the change. They just burn out.Hannah felt an odd chill, almost of premonition. But before she could say anything, a new voiceinterrupted. Speaking of the lamia, isnt anybody going to introduce me?Thea turned toward the window. Sorry, Ash-but if youre going to sleep over there, you cant blameus for forgetting you. She looked at Hannah. This is another Redfern, a cousin of Jamess. His name isAsh.Ash was gorgeous, lanky and elegant, with ash-blond hair. But what startled Hannah as he got up andunhurriedly walked to meet her was his eyes.They were like Mayas eyes, shifting color from moment to moment. The likeness was so strikingthat it was a moment before Hannah could take his hand.Hes got Mayas genes, Hannah thought. He smiled at her, then sprawled on the loveseat.Were not all of Circle Daybreak, of course, Thea said. In fact, were some of the newest members.And were from all over the country-North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, everywhere. ButThierry called us together specially, to talk about the soulmate principle and the old Powers awakening.That was last week, before he found out about you, copper-haired Poppy said. And before he ranoff. But weve been talking without him, trying to figure out what to do next.Hannah said, Whatever it is, Id lik e to help you.They all looked pleased. But Thea said, You should think about it first. Were dangerous people toknow.Were on everybodys hit list, Rashel, the black-haired vampire hunter, said dryly.Weve got the whole Night World against us, Ash said, rolling his ever-changing eyes.Against us. You just said us. James turned on his cousin triumphantly, as if hed just won a point in anargument. You admit youre a part of us.I dont have anyAsh looked at the ceiling, choice.But you do, Hannah, Thea interrupted. She smiled at Hannah, but her soft brown eyes were serious.You dont have to be in any more danger than you are now.I think- Hannah began. But before she could finish, there was an explosion of noise from somewhereoutside.

Malcolm a Homemade Education Essay

plenty syndrome is the most ordinary cause of mental retardation overthrow syndrome is the most common cause of mental retardation. It is caused by the presence of an extra chromo some(prenominal). Chromosomes contain sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid called genes that represent the inherited information that exists within a jail cell. Twenty-three distinctive pairs of chromosomes which is 46 in total. They be located within the nucleus (a region of the cell that is bounded by a specialized membrane, and which houses the genetic material).When a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, the newly created zygote normally receives 23 chromosomes from each p arnt. The portion of genetic information from each p atomic number 18nt is what makes each go bad a distinctive blend of both characteristics. In gloomy syndrome a mistake during role of the sperm or egg cell produces a cell with an extra chromosome 21. This event occurs during cell division and is referred to as nondisjunction , or the failure of all chromosomes to each properly resulting in retention of adept of the chromosomes in one of the dickens new daughter cells.This is also called trisomy 21 and is accounted for 95% of all strike down syndrome patients. A r are number of batch syndrome cases the original egg and sperm cells begins with the correct number of chromosomes but shortly after fertilization during the phase where cells are dividing quick a single cell can divide abnormally creating a line of cells with an extra chromosome 21. Its called a cell line mosaicism. The individual with this image of atomic reactor syndrome has two types of cells some 46 chromosomes which is the normal number and some with 47.Individuals who are mosaic for trisomy 21 typically hurl less sever soft touch and symptoms of the disorder. An a nonher(prenominal) are location that can cause gloomy syndrome is called a chromosome translocation. This is an even that un bid the numerical abnormally causing tri somy 21, on that point is a morphologic abnormality. Exchange of material from two different chromosomes during the production of sex cells can take place such(prenominal) that there is a whole chromosome 21 machine-accessible to an opposite chromosome but the chromosome number is normal. 1These types of translocation involving chromosome 21, occur in about 3-4% of cases of wad syndrome.Ancient cultures, such as those in Greece, Rome, and Egypt, mould modify infants to death. Compassion toward the disabled was awakened by the aboriginal Christian church, but its charitable influence waned during the middle ages. use up syndrome also affected this concourse due to no one really caring about what was going on with the ill youngsterren. down in the mouth syndrome has a lot of causes and this is normally what some parents want to know is why their child is born with this syndrome. virtually cartridge clips this is why they tell you while you are carrying your child you nee d to watch very closely and look for all signs of genetic disorders with pregnant.Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder as I said before. A baby is usually identified at birth through mirror image of a set of common physical characteristics. Babies with Down syndrome tend to be overly quiet. When I say that I mean less responsive with rickety floppy muscles. With that being said a number of physical signs might be present. This includes a flat bridge of the nose which is smaller than normal. Its a low set nose. They entrust tend to amaze a small mouth with a protruding tongue, upward slanting eyes and also extra folds of skin located at the corner of each eye, ncapitulum the nose.They result fall in small outwardly rotated ears and small hands as well. usually they have an unusual deep crease across the center of the palm and a malform fifth finger. They will have a wide musculus quadriceps femoris among the big and the second toes and unusual creases on the soles of the feet. They also experience shorter than normal height later on in their childhood. Before genetic interrogation became available, Down syndrome was diagnosed based on accredited typical physical characteristics. Not all populate with Down syndrome have all these characteristics though.This can vary from certain plenty and are caused by the extra chromosomes. Individuals with Down syndrome also have joints that are looser than normal. Their skulls are short and broad. Newborns usually have extra skin on the back of their neck, and as the child dos older the neck often appears short and wider than usual. 2Facial shape is round in the newborn and also during infancy. When the child gets older their side shape becomes oval like. This is due to the under formulatement they go through. Their cheeks are round and the teeth develop late and in an unusual order.Although Down syndrome is not curable and there will be no cure for it, parents, researchers, and also the Down syndrome indiv iduals try to make the best out of disembodied spirit and try dealing with it. Advances in checkup treatment over the past 40 to 50 years for conditions such as heart defects and respiratory disease have led to dramatic increases in the life expectancy of those with Down syndrome. 3 Half of the children born with Down syndrome during the late 1960s survived to age 5. Bronchopneumonia, a respiratory illness and heart defects were the most common causes of death.Now about 80% of those born with it survive to age 10, and about 50% of them survive to age 50 or beyond. The recent statistics from various training places show that the place of incidence of Down syndrome anywhere from 1 in 600 to 1 in 1,000 live births. An analysis published by various people. dally and colleagues in 1998 of combined data from cabaret different studies found that the incidence varies from 1 in 1,445 live birth experiences at age 10 to 1 in 25 live births to mothers at age 45. Down syndrome really is a hard disorder to live with but at the same time it has its advantages.Down syndrome has no treatment options but they have a lot of programs to economic aid cope with this syndrome. The information of a child is a joyous thing. It involves dread(a) ohhs and ahhhs that would shock you each day your child does something new. All kids from the time their able to sit up by them and walks are learning new things everyday. Even as adults we learn new things everyday but still with Down syndrome, everything that they accomplish is outstanding. All kids learn to develop their fine motor skills but there are different aspects when it comes to Down syndrome children.The evolution of motor skills is very hard. The first thing you have to do is have a laid out foundation of how you picture on teaching that child. This is very dependent on stability. 4Stability is being able to push open a heavy door. Its being able to put on your shoes without falling. It is carrying a tray full of drink s. Its really a list that goes on but with this syndrome most things arent accomplished because down syndrome babies lack stability. Most of the people diagnosed wit this syndrome also tends to walk a little strange. They walk from side to side and al focal points have their head twisted.Now as kids get older and reach their age past ten, then your not exactly ok, but you can breathe a little. Most researchers are still interested about the older ones but its really the babies that most are worried about. They tend to go through a lot as newborns and unto there early infants stages. 5 Babies with Down syndrome suffer a lot. They have a lot they feel and go through, but being an infant and not being able to lecturing doesnt help at all. Being born with Down syndrome you experience how it is from that point on and for the rest of your life.Children with this syndrome almost always have some degree of intellectual disability. That is why they learn slower and have difficulty with com plex reasoning and judgment. The degree of intellectual impairment various tremendously. These kids do learn and what they do learn they will not forget. Down syndrome can not be prevented but it is People with Down syndrome, whatever their age, are people first. They are people with abilities, strengths and weaknesses like everyone else. They may have additional need but first they have the same needs as everyone else of their age assort.The quality of health care, instruction and community support provided to children and adults with Down syndrome makes a real difference to their progress throughout life. This module provides an introduction to all the issues that need to be addressed to modify individuals with Down syndrome, and their families, to enjoy full and happy lives within their communities. It offers an overview of the development of individuals with Down syndrome from infancy to adult life. It also provides a summary of the causes of Down syndrome, the incidence an d preponderance of the condition, life expectancy and associated education and health care needs.Children with down syndrome experience problems with their digestive tract at a rate that is much postgraduateer than that of other children. 6 some of these problems such as blockage of the digestice tract can be life threatening and can require emergency surgery. Blockage or atresia of the gorge or the duodenum can cause starvation if not corrected. Atresia occurs when the anal opening does not develop. This condition prevents solid waste from being eliminated from the intestinal tract and must be corrected surgically. Anal stenosis will allow waste products to pass, but will cause constipation.Gastroesophageal feflux is also more common in individuals with down syndrome. During this stage food reenters the esophagus from the stomach. This can cause vomiting and irritation of the esophagus. You can also have vision problem s with down syndrome to. Theses problems are common with tho se suffering with down syndrome. Strabismus in which one or both euyes either truns in or out. Occurs in 43% of theses chuldren. It is caused by abnormal or incomplete development of the cneters in the brain that control the coordination of eye rides. This condition may require an eye patch, special glasses or even surgery.Vision therapy may also be benificial and should be considered before surgery. Hearing problems also come with syndrome. 7 anatomical differences that result from trisomy 21 contribute to the bigger percentage of hearing difficulties founf in individuals with down syndrome. Appromately 53% in children with down syndrome have hearing problems. This makes it more difficult to examine the ars for wax buildup and infection. The middle ear is smaller than normal, as well. This contributes to the presence of chronic ear infections in 40% to 60% of children with downs syndrome.The shallow nasal bridge founfd in 61% of individuals with down syndrome also contributed. Col lapse or blockage of the eustachian tube, which leads from the ear to the throat, causes fluid to build up in the middle ear and increases the risk of middle ear infection. 8In children with down syndrome the eustachian tubes are often smaller tha normal and have lowered muscle tone. Problems with fluid build up in the middle ear occur in 60% of indiviuals with down syndrome this fluid buildup interferes with hearing and can cause permanent hearing loss if it remains for a long peopif of time.Estimates of hearing loss in people with down syndrome range from 60% to 80%. Hearing loss in children can contribute to language and speech difficulies as well as auditory management. Monitoring for fluid buildup and infections of the middle ear should begin before the age of six months and should continue into adulthood. Hearin aids may be a choice as well. Another problem that occurs in down syndrome individuals is problems with thyroid gland. Weighing less than one ounce the thyroid is ac tually one of the largest endocrine glands. Thyroid hormones help regualte the synthesis of growth factore and many hormones.Thyroid hormones are crucial for proper brain development during pregnancy. They are also important in normal growth. Because they are composed of the amino acid tyrosine, to which iodine molecules have been atattched adequate iodine in the diet is esstenial for their production. Another hormone produced by the thyroid gland is thyrocalcitonin which regulates the levels and metabolism of calcium. The hormones tri-iodothyonine and tetraiodothyonine are produced by the thyroid gland in a ratio of 114. t4 is secreted by the thyroid gland in responses to TSH. The active form, T3 is formed in the kidney, liver, and pleen by removal of one iodine molecule from T4. individuals with down syndrome also are 10 to 30 times more likely to develop Leukemia. 9 This is a type of cancer caused by the production of abnormal qhite blood cells by the bone marrow. These abnormal cells eventually crowd out normal gaberdine and red blood cells. There are two main types of leukemia. Acute and chronic. Acute leukemias develop slowly and the patienst condition worsens slowly. Chronic leukemia develops rapidly and the patients syptoms worsen quickly. slightly 10% of babies born with down syndrome develop a transient leukemia that usually goes away by 3 months of age.About 20% to 30% of those with this transient condtion go on to develop acute leukemia. Babies who do not have down syndrome rarely have the transient form of leukemia. This higher risk of leukemia is in line to the risk of other types of cancer in individuals with down syndrome. The incidence of most types of solid tumors is muh smaller than in the general population. Down syndromes rates has also increased. From 1979 to 2003, the prevalence (total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time) of Down syndrome (DS) at birth increased by 31 percent, from 9 to 12 per 10,000 live births in 10 US regions.Within the 10 regions, birth prevalence of DS ranged from a low of 9. 7 in Arkansas to a high of 13. 7 in Utah during 1997-2003. The number of infants born with DS was almost 5 times higher among births to older mothers (38. 6 per 10,000) than among births to younger mothers (7. 8 per 10,000). In 2002, DS was found to be present in about 1 of every 1,000 children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 dungeon in 10 chosen regions of the fall in States, which means that approximately 83,000 children and adolescents with DS were reinforcement in the United States during that year. Prevalence of DS by age group was the highest in 0-3 year olds at 11. , declining to 10. 3 among 4-7 year olds, 9. 8 among 8-11 year olds, 8. 3 among 12-15 year olds, and 6. 0 among 16-19 year olds. A screening test will help identify the possibility of Down syndrome. Screening tests do not provide conclusive answers, but rather, they provide an indication of the likelihood of the baby havi ng Down syndrome. An abnormal test result does not mean that your baby has Down syndrome. The goal with a screening test is to estimate the risk of t baby having Down syndrome. If the screening test is positive and a risk for Down syndrome exists, further testing may be recommended.Diagnostic tests can identify Down syndrome before the baby is born. January issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists released guidelines recommending screening for Down syndrome to all pregnant women during their first trimester. Agnostic tests tend to be more valuable and have a degree of risk screening tests are quick and easy to do. However, screening tests have a greater chance of being unlawful there are false-positive (test indicates the baby has the condition when the baby really does not) and false-negatives (baby has the condition but the test indicates they do not).As far as those individual kids with Down syndrome there is a lot that they can do, just as the regular ones. Kids with Down syndrome tend to have a sense of humor. Those with this disorder have slurred words and stutter but what you can understand they have pretty good conversation. Also in about 4 percent of all down syndrome cases the individual possesses not an entire third feign of chromosome 21 material, which has been incorporated via a translocation into a no homologous chromosome. In translocation pieces are swapped between two non-related chromosomes forming hybrid chromosomes.The most common translocation associated with Down syndrome is that between the long arm (down gene area) of chromosome 21 and an end of chromosome 14. 10 The individual in whom the translocation has occurred shows no evidence of the deviance since the normal complement of genetic material is still present provided a different chromosomes location. The difficulty arises when this individual forms gametes. A mother who possesses the 21/14 translocation, for example has one no rmal 21 one normal 14 and the hybrid chromosomes.She is a genetic carrier for the disorder because she can pass it on to her offspring even though she is clinically normal. The mother can produce three types of viable gametes one containing the normal 14 and 21. the presence of an extra copy of the long arm of chromosome 21 causes defects in many tissues and organs. One major effect of Down syndrome is mental retardation. The intelligence quotients of affected individuals are typically in the range of 40-50. The IQ varies with age but being higher in childhood than in adolescence or adult life.The disorder is often accompanied by physical traits. Trisomy 21 is one of the most common chromosomal aberrations occurring in about 0. 5 percent of all conceptions and in one out of every seven hundred to eight hundred live births. About 15 percent of the patients institutionalized for mental deficiency suffer from Down syndrome. Before the chromosomal basis for the disorder was determined t he frequency of Down syndrome births was correlated with increased maternal age. For mothers at age twenty the incidence of down syndrome is about 0. 5 percent which increases to 0. 9 percent by the age thirty-five and 3 percent at age forty-five. Comparing the chromosomes of the affected offspring with those of both parents have shown that the nondisjunction event is maternal about 75 percent the time. The maternal age effect is thought to result from the different manner in which the male and womanly gametes are produced. Gamete production in the male event in females. Formation of the females gametes begins early in embryonic life, somewhere but between the eight and twentieth weeks.During this time, cells in the developing ovary divide rapidly by mitosis forming cells called primary oocytes. These cells then begin meiosis by pairing up the homologues. The answer is interrupted now and the cells are held in a state of suspended animation until needed in reproduction, when they are triggered to complete their division. Most individuals with Down syndrome have intellectual disability in the mild (IQ 5070) to moderate (IQ 3550) range, with individuals having Mosaic Down syndrome typically 1030 points higher. Dr.Weihs notes the mental qualities of people with Down syndrome to be unisexual, playful, affectionate, mischievous and imitative. 21Language skills show a difference between understanding speech and expressing speech, and commonly individuals with Down syndrome have a speech delay. okay motor skills are delayed and often lag behind gross motor skills and can interfere with cognitive development. Effects of the condition on the development of gross motor skills are quite variable. Some children will begin walking at around 2 years of age, while others will not walk until age 4.Physical therapy, and/or participation in a program of adapted physical education (APE), may promote enhanced development of gross motor skills in Down syndrome children. A 2002 literature review of elective abortion rates found that 9193% of pregnancies in the United Kingdom and Europe with a diagnosis of Down syndrome were rout outd. 54 Data from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register in the United Kingdom indicates that from 1989 to 2006 the proportion of women choosing to terminate a pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome has remained constant at around 92%.In the United States a number of studies have examined the abortion rate of fetuses with Down syndrome. Three studies estimated the termination rates at 95%, 98%, and 87% respectively. Medical ethicist Ronald Green argues that parents have an financial obligation to avoid genetic harm to their offspring, and Claire Rayner, then a patron of the Downs Syndrome Association, defended testing and abortion saying The hard facts are that it is costly in terms of human effort, compassion, energy, and finite resources such as money, to care for individuals with handicapsPeople who are not yet parents should ask themselves if they have the right to inflict such burdens on others, however willing they are themselves to take their share of the burden in the beginning some physicians and ethicists are concerned about the ethical ramifications of the high abortion rate for this condition. 59 Conservative commentator George Will called it eugenics by abortion. 60 British peer Lord Rix stated that alas, the birth of a child with Downs syndrome is still considered by many to be an utter tragedy and that the ghost of the biologist Sir Francis Galton, who founded the eugenics movement in 1885, still stalks the corridors of many a hospital. Doctor David Mortimer has argued in Ethics & Medicine that Downs syndrome infants have long been disparaged by some doctors and government bean counters. Some members of the disability rights movement believe that public support for prenatal diagnosis and abortion based on disability contravenes the movements basic philosophy and go als.Peter singer argued that neither hemophilia nor Downs syndrome is so crippling as to make life not worth lifetime from the inner perspective of the someone with the condition. To abort a fetus with one of these disabilities, intending to have another child who will not be disabled, is to treat fetuses as interchangeable or replaceable. If the mother has previously decided to have a certain number of children, say two, then what she is doing, in effect, is rejecting one potential child in favor of another.She could, in defence of her actions, say the loss of life of the aborted fetus is outweighed by the gain of a better life for the normal child who will be conceived only if the disabled one dies. Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk for many conditions. The medical consequences of the extra genetic material in Down syndrome are highly variable and may affect the function of any organ system or bodily process. Some problems are present at birth, such as certain h eart malformations. Others become apparent over time, such as pilepsy. Other things Down syndrome patients go through are very emotional. For people with Down syndrome it is very hard to cope with the everyday activities. It is also hard on the family, especially the parents. It can be very frustrating for the parents to cope with having a child with Down. People born with Down syndrome require so much more extra attention than that of a normal child. Suggestions from some psychologists are for the parents to go to some kind of group sessions to talk to other parents who have children with Down.Therefore, someone else can understand the frustrations that they go through in raising their child. People with Down syndrome have a lot of different emotions running through their mind and body. People with Down syndrome, whatever their age, are people first. They are people with abilities, strengths and weaknesses like everyone else. They may have additional needs but first they have the s ame needs as everyone else of their age group. The quality of health care, education and community support provided to children and adults with Down syndrome makes a real difference to their progress throughout life.This module provides an introduction to all the issues that need to be addressed to enable individuals with Down syndrome, and their families, to enjoy full and happy lives within their communities. It offers an overview of the development of individuals with Down syndrome from infancy to adult life. It also provides a summary of the causes of Down syndrome, the incidence and prevalence of the condition, life expectancy and associated education and health care needs. Further modules in this series address each of these issues in detail.Down syndrome patients also have another way to look at things. The most of the time feel different and out of place. Most would like to know who Down syndrome affects. For instance what race and what are the ratios of living past a teenag er Children and adults with Down syndrome have a wide range of abilities. A person with Down syndrome may be very thinking(a) or may have unusual and demanding medical and social problems at virtually every stage of life. Its important to remember that every person with Down syndrome is a unique individual. Each child will develop at his or her own pace.It may take children with Down syndrome longer than other children to reach develop Down syndrome cannot be cured. However, early treatment can help many people with Down syndrome to live productive lives well into adulthood. Children with Down syndrome can often benefit from speech therapy, occupational therapy, and exercises to help improve their motor skills. They might also be helped by special education and attention at school. Some of the medical problems common in people with Down syndrome, like cataracts, hearing problems, thyroid problems, and seizure disorders, can be also treat or corrected.It has been suggested that chi ldren with Down syndrome might benefit from medical treatment that includes amino acid supplements and a drug known as Piracetam. Piracetam is a drug that some people believe may improve the ability of the brain to learn and understand. However, there have been no controlled clinical studies with Piracetam to date in the U. S. or elsewhere that show its safety and efficacy. The life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased substantially. In 1929, the average life span of a person with Down syndrome was nine years. Today, it is common for a person with Down syndrome to live to age 50 and beyond.In addition to living longer, people with Down syndrome are now living fuller, richer lives than ever before as family members and contributors to their community. Many people with Down syndrome form meaningful relationships and eventually marry. Now that people with Down syndrome are living longer, the needs of adults with Down syndrome are receiving greater attention. With assi stance from family and caretakers, many adults with Down syndrome have developed the skills required to hold jobs and to live semi-independently mental milestones, but many of these milestones will eventually be met.

Carl Jung and His Theories Essay

Carl Jungs theories are interesting. He studied the personality as something very important to a personit is enter within us and is what emerges to the outside world so as to be seen by otherwises. His three principles opposition, equivalence and entropy is quite great and for me, re whollyy strike every humans way of interacting with their environment and the way they come to pursue and continue everyday life. I find it true enough that humans call for this general life energy (libido) and uses it in everything they do.All of us are rational beings and we always have these drives to get on with things we often feel that enquire to be d wizard. Through our consciousness and unconsciousness, we are able to get past every obstacle and track our missions in life. Carl Jung explained in his theories that humans do unravel to become someone in fellowship to be accepted by other good deal and to succeed in life. And for me, he is trying to convince all of us that every human, young or old, are born to have visions and views in life, different aspect within us, and a will to be complimentary and be happy hitherto all of these are not totally within our reach because of our differences.Thats why Jung, for me, was able to explain why and how mountain uses different mechanisms to live happily or even just be able to go on with life with his theories. I, as a person, can touch on my personality to some of Jungs theories. I can say that I am an Introverted feeling type because in this personality type, it is said that one is capable of deep emotions but avoid any outward expression of it. Yes, this describes me because I am the type of person that is strong on the outside yet fragile on the inside.I tend to really suppress all my emotions because I am afraid to be criticized and be rejected by the people around me especially that most of them are stereotypes. Extraverted thinking type because an individual having this type represses ones feelings and emotions, i s objective in all aspects of life, located and cold, and scientist. As what I have said earlier, I hide my emotions to avoid criticism. Also, I always have plans in everything I do in order to achieve positive outcomes even in the simplest things I make, thus making merigid and cold since in line with achieving in life, I lean on focusing to myself and not with others.Introverted thinking type because this personality type describes the person as intensely concerned with privacy and understanding to oneself rather than other people. I always prioritize privacy and I cant live without it. I always keep secrets because I dont confide the people around me that much and I cant risk my privacy to them and due to this, I am more understanding to myself than others because my philosophy in life is to make the best out of myself first before others.Some may say that I am selfish and greedy but thats what I am, I always give myself the most priority I could give. Every person is different and unique. You may find someone who is like you or like the person you know but lying deep within us is someone only us can discoverif we can. We must appraise each other in every way because we are made equal and that everyone should be treated in the same way.

Explain How Lady Macbeth Changes Throughout the Play Macbeth Essay

Shakespeares play Macbeth which is considered peerless of his darkest and most powerful tragedies, Lady Macbeth, a very important character, changed dramatically throughout the play. At first she appeared confident, assertive and the dominant partner. She was cold blooded and cruel but then she became nervous, scared and suicidal. Soon Macbeth and Lady Macbeths relationship starts to falter. She is the one who influenced and hurried Macbeth to kill Dun great deal so to have more power, so Macbeth could become king and they could be very wealthy and have a lot of power.At the beginning of the book Macbeth was awarded the position of Thane of Cawdor, but Lady Macbeth wanted more, she wanted to be powerful and rich which is why she and Macbeth decided to kill Duncan at their protest house. Stop up thaccess and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature, Shake my fell purpose nor keep peace between, Th make and it (1.5. 42-45). This is Lady Macbeth asking to have no r emorse or fear of whats about to happen, shes asking to have strength to carry on with her purpose and dare not stop it.Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peek through the blanket of the dark, To cry, Hold Hold (1.5.48-52). This quote means that she doesnt want anyone to interfere with her purpose she wants to keep up with the plan and not permit anybody or anything stop her. She seems very confident in herself, shes asking for these things, strength, no remorse or fear but she is confident that her plan ordain work so long as nobody interferes.Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures tis the eye of childhood, That fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, Ill gild the faces of the grooms withal, For it must seem their guilt (2.2.56-60). In this quote Lady Macbeth is saying to Macbeth that she will clean up and make it fount like Duncans guards are the ones who killed him , shes very assertive here and confident. She appears to be the dominant one because she is taking charge of the situation and finishing the deed. give way on your night-gown, lest occasion call us, And show us to be watchers. Be not lost, So poorly in your thoughts (2.2.73-75). Again in this quote you can really see how Lady Macbeth is taking charge and knows what shes doing, Macbeth seems wracked with guilt and Lady Macbeth is helping him to see that he needs to act innocent.

My role model Essay

To me a role role model is someone in my life that has influenced me in a positive way. They help shape the way I am in the present and what I am going to be in the future. They are some one that I clear look forrard for advice in a tough situation and I know that they will give me advices with wisdom. They will neer judge me on my past but only look to help because they really do maintenance active me. Some one who I never musical note awkward talking to about my problems because I know that it will not change their view of me and they will not reveal any culture about me to other unrelated person or someone who are nosey. A role model should be sincere and not out for there own good but the good of others. I think that they should be older then I am because they need to lease more get a line then I do and need to have a deeper insight. It would be pointless to have a role model who knows less then me.Read more My role model essay simply apart from my parents, , teachers or very best friends like Brian Lee really do care about me a lot, there is nobody should be deserved to have a talk about, or can drag my attraction, or makes me change my personality and reach more achievements. I dont have a real one honestly, but I would be searching for him or her( You must feel surprised that why do I write such a short paragraph this clock)

Balancing On-line College Studies, Work, and Personal Relationships

Balancing On-line College Studies, Work, and Personal Relationships On-line college studies bring forth various challenges for a schoolchild as the concept of conviction whitethorn easily be disregarded or forgotten along with problems regarding distractions and the sense of presence (Online Study Techniques). In this sense, if a student also takes into favor atmospheric pressure issues such as those that stem from work, family, and friends, then the difficulty of successfully completing on-line(a) college studies become level off worse.However, the presence of such problems, difficulties, and challenges does not mean that every student going through on-line college studies has a myriad of excuses so as not to excel in their educational pursuit. In fact, given the chastise mind set and the right approach in decision making, it is most likely that a student will be able to optimally accomplish each task in his or her on-line studies age mollify being able to perform at work and maintain similes with family and friends.Personally, I unified concepts of term commission and effective prioritization in order to attain efficient decision making. As mentioned, in decision making, I utilize effective prioritization in order to come up with the outstrip possible creams for a given situation. In this sense, I build up a hierarchy of considerations and events which may come up and how I should perceive each and every situation given if such situations overlap. In addition, I also develop a sense of hierarchy in relation to studies, work, friends, and family.Although it may bet that such an approach seems to be quite effective and one may bring up questions as to why even though people tend to have a similar approach just now fail at decision making. The answer is quite simple, the reason for the inability to utilize prioritization as a tool for guiding decision making is not strictly followed and such individuals opt to choose the easier or more pleasur able choices instead of selecting the more important tasks.In my case though, I prioritize and decide consort to which choice would bring the most positive effects. To expound upon the potential use of effective prioritization in harm of decision making, it is only proper to discuss through the use of specific examples. In this sense, a practiced example comes in the form of accomplishing additional tasks at work which basically translates into a bigger payout while also considering the progress through on-line studies and coursework.Considering that I already have a stable quantity of funds and have a inviolable amount of saving, then working for additional hours even though additional pay is given would not have been an efficient choice since technically my funds ar already in excess. On the other hand, in relation to the on-line studies that have progressed slowly, allocating ample amounts of era and effort for such will definitely be not an excess and if I really require to attain my specialized associates degree through distant learning, then I should spend more meter to work on my studies.Hence, I chose to accomplish the latter option. However, sometimes one cannot simply choose an option over another especially if one or more of the possible choices are with added urgency. Since it is quite much that I am placed in a situation wherein I have to decide among different possible tasks in which time is of the essence, I have developed a way to incorporate efficient time management aside from effective prioritization into my decision making skills.To expound, efficient time management in my own perspective pertains to how the hours of the day or the days of the week are scheduled in effect in order to progress in my work and studies while still being a world-shaking presence to my family and friends. Also, time management pertains to the reality that some decisions make or tasks accepted may be done on another day while some events cannot simply be accomplished if helpless the first time around. In relation to prioritization though, not every opportunity or task that may not reoccur on a definite time is not always the best option so time management in relation to decision making.A good example for the use of efficient time management in relation to decision making is in terms of choosing between the options of attending the birthday of my beloved niece and continuing my on-line studies. In the situation, it is quite expected that the birthday party, along with the opportunity to hail her and give her a gift in person, would only occur at a specific time and date. Considering that I am lagging behind in terms of my on-line studies, I also popular opinion about using my free time to catch up with the remaining coursework.Of course, thinking that my studies are more important in the long run, and my niece would probably not hate me that much if I miss her birthday, my sign reaction was to just stay at radix and continue my studies. Later on, I realized that if I missed the birthday then it might create an unavoidable stress between us. Taking into consideration that on-line studies are characteristically flexible in nature and progress may be made at ones own pace, then I simply went to the birthday, stayed for a while, and later on went back home to finally continue the coursework that should be completed.Hence, both tasks were accomplished. The important aspect of the decision making process in this sense, is the capability to postpone something to be done at a later time but still making sure that the postponed task is accomplished. In addition, it is also important to know which tasks should be conducted first and at the same time realize which tasks can really be set aside initially.In this sense, what works for me personally as discussed, is to utilize both time management and prioritization in deciding which tasks or events should be considered to be done first. Of course, such a method ha s some negative points as well. In most cases though, from a personal standpoint, it is definitely useful to use efficient time management and effective prioritization in relation to decision making as reflected through the stability of my personal relationships with family and friends, as well as good productivity at work and on my studies.

The Duties of an Agent to Principal

THE DUTIES OF THE AGENTS TO PRINCIPAL The duties of an component depend primarily on the contract of agency if there is one. hooked to any such(prenominal) express terms, the doer owes a number of implied duties or obligations to his brain. It is the agency relation transmit as such that pass ons rise to these obligations so that, as a general rule, they f wholly as much on the gratuitous instrument as on the paid gene. 1. Obey the adepts instruction manual segmentation 164 states, The agent mustiness obey the instructions given to him by his booster cable even if he thinks the instructions are wrong.Sometimes of course the genius may expect the agent to advise him and indeed he may be employing an agent to use attainment and care. The agent must non delegate his debt instrument to other person unless such delegation has been concur with the atomic number 82, or is the custom of the trade, or the delegation merely takes mistreat in relation to purely administr ative matters. Case fashion model In Turpin v. Bilton (1843), an insurance broker agreed for consideration to obtain a contract of insurance on the plaintiffs ship. But he failed to do so. The ship was lost and the broker was held liable to the plaintiff.In Fraser v. B. N. Furman (Production) Ltd (1967), insurance brokers agreed for consideration to effect an employers liability policy and failed to do so. The employer was held liable for $3000 damages in an action brought against him by an employee for breach of the Factories Act, and the homage of Appeal held that the brokers must indemnify the employer in that sum for breach of contract. Betram Armstrong & Co. V. Godefray (1830) 1 Knapp 381 Facts The agent was a stockbroker. The wizard told the agent to sell stock when the market price reached a certain figure per unit of stock.The agent did not heed these instructions and held on to the stock. When the market dropped the agent was forced to sell at a loss. Decision The pri ncipal successfully sued the agent to recover the difference amidst the price at which he was instructed to sell the stock and the price at which the stock was eventually sold. 2. A duty to exercise valid skill and diligence Section 165 states, The degree of skill and diligence indispensable of an agent depends on whether the person is a gratuitous agent or a non-gratuitous agent. A gratuitous agent is not paid for their services whereas a non-gratuitous agent is paid.A non-gratuitous agent is required to exercise a degree of skill equal to that which a reasonable person would expect an agent of that type to exercise. For example, a real commonwealth agent is expected to display the qualities and expertise of a competent real state agent. If the agent fails to sports meeting this standard, the agent depart be liable to the principle for any loss ca apply by this breach of duty. A gratuitous agent is not expected to exercise any circumscribed degree of skill. The agent must ex ercise the same degree of care and diligence as they would use in attending to their pro song affairs.If that person has nigh special knowledge, they are expected to use that knowledge. Case Example In Keppel v. bicycler (1927), agents were employed to sell a block of flats and received an offer from one party which was accepted study to contract. The agents later received a higher offer but, instead of telling the avouchers, arranged a resale from the earlier party to the later later the original sale to the earlier party was effected. It was ruled that the agents had acted in breach of their duty to obtain the best price available, and that duty included passing on expatiate of better offers until a binding contract was concluded. . To render proper accounts when required Section 166 states, An agents owes a duty to the principal to keep proper accounts and make them available for inspection. For example, travel agents and real estate agents are required by statute to keep accurate and proper accounts. This duty imposes an obligation on agents to keep their position and money separate from that of their principal. Case Example In Harry Parker Ltd v Mason 1940 2 KB 590, where the principal conspired ith agent to make shame bets on the course and bets with street bookmakers contrary to the existing lawfulness but agent had failed to apply, as agreed the money that the principal handed to him. The Court of Appeal held that the principal could not recover it from agent on the general principal that money paid under an extralegal contract is irrecoverable. 4. To pay his principal alls sums received on his behalf Section 171 states, However, an agent may retain or deduct from such sums received, advances made / expenses incurred by him in carrying out his duty, his commission and other remuneration account payable to him for acting as agent. . To communicate with the principal Section 167 states, In cuticles of difficulty, an agent must use all reason able diligence in communicating with and in seeking to obtain instructions from the principal. However, in emergencies, the agent may use his own discretion in adopting a course of action to safeguard the gratify of the principal. 6. Not to let his interest scrap with his duty Section 168 states, An agent must not depart the possibility of personal interest to conflict with the interests of his or her principal without disclosing that possibility to the principal.Upon full disclosure, it is up to the principal to decide whether or not to proceed with the particular transaction. If there is a breach of his duty, the principal may set aside the contract so affected and claim any profit which might sustain been made by the agent. Case Example In McPherson v Watt (1877), a solicitor used his brother as a nominee to purchase post which he was engaged to sell. It was held that, since the solicitor had allowed the conflict of interest to arise, the sale could be set aside. It was imm aterial that a fair price was offered for the property.The corollary to the above case is that the agent must not sell his or her own property to the principal without fully disclosing the fact. This pourboire into the next duty. 7. Not to make any obscure profit out of the performance of his duty In discharging the agents, an agent backsidet take any secret profit as corruption in the form of commission payments on a confidential basis, coffee money or kickback, tips and so on. If the agent take the secret profit, the profit must be submitted to the principal. In other words, the agent cant use the property of the principal to do something against the contract that agent for selfish motives.That means agents can pass water a profit, only the principal agents are prohibited from using the property for personal gain. Section 168 states, If the principal knows and agrees on a secret, the agent can save profit because the profit is not a secret anymore. It should be noted that the secret profit is the profit earned outside the knowledge of the principal. If the principal give consent, the agent can take the profit. In situations where the principal does not agree with a secret profit, the principal has the option as follows I. The agency contract may be terminated, if the contract is not to profit member.For example, A has ordered B to sell the estate belonging to A. B has reviewed the estate before sale, find some of the mines in the estate is not known to A. B tells A that he wanted to buy the estate for himself, but conceals the discovery of the mine. A, when knowing this, can either refuse to sell the estate or otherwise manage the sales out of choice. II. Principal may recover the secret profit from an agent For example, as happened in the case of Tan Kiong Hwa vs S. H Chong. Plaintiff has purchased a flat from a alliance in which the defendant was the managing director.Plaintiff has ordered the defendant as agent to sell the flat at RM45000 but the d efendant has successfully sold at RM54000. The difference in price of RM9000 has been credited to the company account. Soon the company is wound up. The court ruled the plaintiff entitled to recover from defendants for RM9000 has defaulted in carrying out his duties as an agent. III. Principal may refuse to pay a commission or other remuneration to the agent. Section 173 An agent was found guilty of misconduct in successful agency not entitled to receive any advice relating to the business he was one proceeds. In the case of Andrews vs Ramsay & Co. the principal was member instructions to agents to sell the property and agreed to pay a commission of ? 50. The agents hand to find the buyers and was given a ? 100 deposit. Agents thus have to pay around ? 50 to the principal and keep the rest of the ? 50 commission. In the transaction, the agents have to get ? 20 from buyers. The court ruled the principal near to demand a secret agent commissions earned from buyers. IV. Principal re serves the right to expel the agent for breach of duty. Principal reserves the right to expel the agent if the agent was using the property for profit secrets principal from agency business.Principal has such rights as the agent had failed to discharge its duties entrusted. If the principal has suffered loss as a result of the actions of the agent, he is entitled to claim damages. Principal reserves the right to expel the agent because duties. V. Principal may sue the agent and the leash party to recover damages corruption if it is a loss of the contract. What happens in the case Mahesan vs The Malaysian disposal Officers Cooperative Housing Society, the plaintiff was its director defendants. Defendant had purchased a piece of land worth $ 944,000 from a landlord who has obtained the land at $ 456,000 only.Plaintiff to know the fact but did not inform the defendant. As a result, the plaintiff has obtained $ 122,000 in bribes from land owners for the sale and purchase agreement. Th e court ruled that the defendant is entitled to claim the arrive of loss suffered by the crime. 8. A duty not to divulge confidential information To maintain confidentially about any matters communicated to him as agent, and not to disclose them to prospective third parties or anyone else. The relationship between principal and agent is a fiduciary relationship, depending upon mutual trust. Case Example In Robb v thou 1895 2 QB 315, an injunction was obtained against a former manager of a business to prevent him using for his own purpose a list of customers of the business which he had copied out while he was the manager. Faccenda Chicken Ltd v Fowler 1986 1 AER 617, the duty of good faith is broken if an employee makes or copies a list of his employers customers for use after his employment ends or deliberately memorises such a list even though, except in special circumstances, there is no general restriction on an ex-employee canvassing or doing business with customers of his fo rmer employer. . A duty to act personally An agent is not permitted to delegate to another person the tasks the agent has been appointed to perform. A principal has chosen an agent because of that persons expertise. The rule with respect to delegation can be relaxed by express agreement between the parties. If an agent delegates authority without permission, then the agent will not be entitled to be paid commission for any delegated acts. However, the rule has no drill in relation to minor clerical or administrative tasks.These tasks can be delegated. Case Example De Bussche v Alt (1878) 8 Ch D 286 ,agent was appointed by the principal to sell a ship in China at an agreed price but the agent was unable to effect such a sale and obtained the principals permission for the appointment by agent of a sub-agent to sell the ship in Japan. The Court held there was no breach of duty by agent in appointing a sub-agent as delegation was expressly agreed.

Gap Model of Service Marketing

Introduction In a competitive market, a melodys briny use is to create value for guests, because it is basically the consumer who essentially determines what a business is, even the future succeeder of a business (Karl, 2009). For portion marketing, which is the form of marketing focuses on processes deeds and performances, serve well whole tone is precisely way for guests to evaluate their experiences (Susamoo, 2012). Hence, the answer fibre is sensation of the most substantial factors that any receipts geological formation should face.Service quality can be defined as a clients perception of how well a suffice light upons or exceeds their views (Seth, Deshmukh Vrat, 2005). However, umteen consumers are short of the knowledge to evaluate the go they receive, meanwhile, the providers in any case privation skills to meet customers needs. When the experience does not match the expectation, a disturbance arises. The bed cover model of service quality identif ies quintuplet major first steps that organizations seeking to meet customers expectations in service delivery process (Turner, Bienstock & Reed, 2010).The purpose of this paper is discussing the interruptions can occur in delivery of service quality. Besides, this essay give describe the workable approaches for closing these service quality breakings, and put forward the examples to support. Customer Gap Customer gap is the diversity amid customer expectations and perceptions (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). This gap arises when the customers misinterpret the service quality.The customer expectation is the standards or reference points that customer bring into the service experience, some measures influenced by their cultural background, lifestyle, personality and so forth. Customer perception is found on the customers fundamental interaction with service. In ideal world, customers expectation world be to the highest degree identical to customers perception (Talebzade, 2009). However, actually, even some great companies like Apple face to be increasing significantly their customer gap. Customers complained that they were squeezed by Apples service platform, iTunes, because of the high greet of Apps.The App customers expect was high quality and cost-saving service, but the spending was far outstripped their expectation. It caused customers dissatisfied with iTunes services (Sullivan, 2011). Therefore, the replys of customer gap are quite predictable, the higher the customer gap, the higher the risk of generating customer dissatisfaction and losing loyalty. In order to miserly the customer gaps, managers should educate customer to see reality of service delivery and intelligibly understand the customer expectation.IKEA, the worlds largest furniture retailer used to collect the information about customers ideal obtain experience so as to meet customers needs before opened its Chicago store. In reason of those feedbacks, IKEA redesigned the sto re, and make it more appropriate for shopping. Local customers were so satisfied with this store, and rated 85 per cents excellent for this store (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). Hence, clearly understanding customers expectation and perception in advance can help managers to narrow the gap. Knowledge GapKnowledge gap is the difference between customer expectation of service and company understanding of those expectation (Webb, 2000). Service providers who result in knowledge gap sometimes apply inadequate marketing research orientation and neglect of colloquy with employees and customers. Moreover, the factors of lacking company strategies to strengthen customer relationships and inadequate service recoveries are also the faultfinding reasons to cause knowledge gap. Boeing has been the leader of airplane manufacturing and service providing.However, in 2006, Boeing declared that their cabin broadband chafe service was suspended, because this service was badly received by pass engers. In actual, for passengers, what they want was flights to be on time. Boeing assessed customer expectation in wrong way, and made failure of the service innovation (BBC, 2006). In a customer-orientated business, it is important to have a clear understanding of the customers need for service. To close the gap between the customers expectation and businesss perception of service delivery, anagers require a shape of comprehensive marketing research and adequate upward converse with their customers and employees. For solving this problem, Ritz-Carlton Hotel establishes its Customer Relationship counsel (CRM) for improving service quality. The information of registered customers in CRM can help Ritz-Carlton Hotel to customize clients appointment experience based on customers lifestyle and preference (Delio, 2000). Therefore, for closing knowledge gap and improving service quality, manager should know what customer really want.Design and normal Gap Design and Standard Gap is t he gap between providers perception and customer-driven service designs and standards. It may arise when companies are difficultly translating customer expectation into service quality specification. The reasons of this gap occurs can include poor service design, lack of quality specification and failure of maintaining and updating servicescape (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). Presently in Taiwan, the tourism sector encourages local farmers to become their rural tourism in order to attract mainland visitors.Therefore, the number of agents were founded in the last two years. Nevertheless, many agents are not registered with Taiwanese tourism sector, and do not get the appropriate insurances for taking interest of tourists (Siow, 2012). The tourists expectation is the safe and pleasant journey experience, but the tourism sector cannot administrate this market well. It causes negative impact among visitors. In order to close design and standard gap, managers need realize sure th at they are defining the level of service quality they believe.For example, Amazon has set standards for specifying the shipping time when a products is unavailable, out of product in local warehouse and other different conditions (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). These sets of specifications can break the efficiency of daily operation, and enhance service quality for customers. Therefore, managers should specify service quality standards that reflect expectation so as to narrow the design and standard gap. Performance Gap Performance Gap is the gap between the service quality specification and service delivery.This gap exposes when service providers fail to deliver service quality according to their goals and standards. Sometimes, service providers who leading this gap have poor human preference policies, or mental facultys lack of knowledge and skills to delivery service to customers (Chenet, Tynan & Money, 2000). Motorola is famous for its performance management. Motorolas m anagers believe that the human resource strategy is identical to their performance management. Motorola focuses on the skills of individual employee to change the process of delivering value to customers.Motorolas service performance objectives consist of two parts, business goals and behaviour standards. These two parts work together to improve employee performance and service quality (Ahire, Waller & Golhar, 1996). Therefore, for narrowing the performance gap, managers need to audit the customer experience that providers shortly deliver, in order to make sure the level of service delivery can live up to the specification (Rajagopal, n. d. ). Besides, managers also should consider the role of employee and customer in delivery process.For Motorola, except for improve staff training and education, managing and analysing the customers different requirements are also important. Hence, so as to close the performance gap, managers should coordinate the interaction between employees and customers in delivery process, and make service experiences meet the specification. Communication Gap Communication gap is the gap between the delivery of customer experience and what is communicated with customers (Hudson, 2011). Sometimes, customer expectations are highly influenced by the promises made by service providers.Therefore, this gap arises when service providers are over-promised, and do not match the actual service quality to customers. In 2009, Google launched its music service in mainland China, and cooperated with local music website, Top100 to provide free and jural music. Google promised that customers can create their own online songs list, and easily access to that in any time. However, with the failure of the cooperation with partner, and shut toss off the mainland division, Googles music service became unstable. Customers often cannot accesse to their online music list as Google promised.Google over-promised their service and finally cannot perform that (Tej ada, 2012). Clearly, Googles failure is the result of communication gap between customers perceptions and Googles promises. Therefore, so as to narrow the communication gap, managers should ensure service performance quality matches to their promises. Besides, they also need avoid ineffective management of customer expectation and inadequate horizontal communication among different service providers (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2006).As an electronics retail giant, BestBuy have 1150 stores around the world. In each BestBuy store, staffs will clearly and directly promise the returns commitments of goods to customers, and faithfully perform their promises (BestBuy, 2013). Hence, managers need avoid exaggerating what will provide to customer so that finally harming customers perceptions. Conclusion This paper has described the five gaps that occur in the process of service delivery. Moreover, a set of approaches so as to close these service quality gaps is explained following each gap m odel.Todays consumer has become increasingly demanding. Customers often look at the service quality of both the process and outcomes of service delivery. The delivery of high quality service is one of the most complicated and important tasks for each service provider. The gap model of service quality is a measure of how service supplied by providers meet or surpass customers expectation (Ahmed et al, n. d. ). In order to close these gaps, managers should clearly understand customer expectation, set quality specification, manage employee performance and communication channel.To narrow the service quality gap is not only for improving the service quality, but also for delivering value well to customers. 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